This study aimed at demonstrating that a composite, contextual vision of linguistic communication sheds new light on discourse subordination, which derives from numerous interactions between verbal, vocal, and visual components. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/anglophonia/1200; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/anglophonia.1200, Université de Nantes / Laboratoire de Linguistique de Nantes UMR 6310manon.lelandais@univ-nantes.fr, Université de Nantes / Laboratoire de Linguistique de Nantes UMR 6310Gaelle.Ferre@univ-nantes.fr. main-clause telic bounded situations; Labov and Waletzky 1967). Furthermore, crucial attention is devoted to syntactic and functional analysis of nominal and relative clauses. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1967. Initial temporal relative clauses are “grammatical signals” indicating the opening of a new discourse unit, which they frame. Toulouse: Presses Universitaires du Mirail, 2003. However, Sc does not elaborate upon her mother’s advice: this segment is a comment going back on L’s new information (“get my license”). In conversational English, adverbial clauses tend to follow the clause they modify (Miller and Weinert 1998) as seen in example (1) featuring an anaphoric adverbial connection. In J. Haiman and S. A. Thompson (eds). “The syntax of Appositive Relativization.”, Dohen, Marion and Hélène Lœvenbruck. an argument. Wichmann, Anne. “Basic Notions of Information Structure.”, Kuroda, Sige Y. Burton-Roberts, Noel. “Modal Density and Modal Configurations: Multimodal Actions.” In C. Jewitt (ed. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1978. These syntactic constructions stand out from their co-text with an immediate upstep in pitch, and show more modulation. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1992. In (7) below, the sequence could be glossed as “it’s only one shop for the whole thing now, and that is quite bad”. . Morristown, NJ: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1992. 102In short, the vocal features of restrictive relative clauses participate to the foreground. “Rethinking Gesture Phases: Articulatory Features of Gestural Movement?”. These hand beats create a pragmatic focus as in sequence (19), represented in Figure 6. where Tom explains a television programme which tackles a different topical health issue each time. 2014. emphasises both new cognitive and textual units: several clauses are grouped in their necessity to be interpreted through its criterion, which must stay activated in the co-speaker’s memory. New York and London, UK: Routledge, 2004. Its referential elements are stabilised in that their scope is defined. The agreement between coders was 100%. . Boersma, Paul and David Weenink. Table 5 displays the prosodic features of adverbial clauses. Table 2. From the perspective of discourse, adverbial clauses are not significantly different from the two other syntactic types either. showing less pitch movement) than their co-text (Hirschberg and Grosz 1992). 2: Eyebrow rise during the gestural realisation of example (11), with a lower hand gesture in. The semantic frame-work I use is SDRT1, although I translate the conditions of an SDRS into a dependency graph. ’s emphatic contradiction (“not even”) encapsulates her feelings, thinking she had made an absurd decision, and presents an adversative element through the subordinating morpheme “that”. This configuration creates a focus of attention in 32.5% of restrictive relative clauses. “The Structure of Discourse and ‘Subordination’”. yld 2003). Potts (2005) also describes the content of appositive relative clauses as non-asserted, as it cannot be directly questioned. They are the only syntactic type to feature more eyebrow movement in. We use “prominence” as a synonym for “salience”. “English Relativization and Certain Related Problems.”. “Où en est-on de l’opposition relative restrictive / relative appositive ?” L’Information Grammaticale 7 (1980): 12–17. Enfield, Nicholas. Potts (2005) also describes the content of appositive relative clauses as non-asserted, as it cannot be directly questioned. , although the gestures accompanying adverbial clauses mostly fulfil organisational functions. The total column gives the number of features present in sequences (L+Sc+R) that contain an Adverbial Clause. Adverbial clauses display the highest distribution of high rising contours. This paper focuses on the adverbial clauses introduced by “when”. This subjective comment can add an event which participates to the succession of events in the text. Blog. PhD Thesis, University of Amsterdam. However, we are not aware of any work on subordination in MDA other than the study described in the present paper. Local, John. The particularities are detailed for each syntactic type from the most auxiliary construction to the most foregrounded one. 72As seen in the results section, no syntactic or semantic cue is mainly used to index foreground information in appositive relative clauses. “Audiovisual Prosody and Feeling of Knowing.” Journal of Memory and Language 53 (2005): 81–94. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Providing some propositional content and a textual framing signal, Sc emphasises both new cognitive and textual units: several clauses are grouped in their necessity to be interpreted through its criterion, which must stay activated in the co-speaker’s memory. A subordinate unit is signalled by downwards changes in key (. gather three focalisation cues. “I passed” as an event works as a cognitive landmark, framing the temporary cognitive state expressed in “I didn’t think I was a very good driver”. In example (2), Tim does not directly state that he has passed his driving licence, but uses it as part of the common ground between speakers to establish a contrast with the following utterance. In this sense, abstract organisational gestures are traditionally associated to the discourse background, Similarly, held gestures are used to modify meaning in real time (McNeill 2005). Information Structure and Sentence Form: Topic, Focus, and the Mental Representations of Discourse Referents. Retrieved 16 September 2014 from http://revel.unice.fr/cycnos/index.html?id=1697. These hand beats create a pragmatic focus as in sequence (19), represented in Figure 6 where Tom explains a television programme which tackles a different topical health issue each time. Sc’s final rising contour indexes more talk to come, and centres the co-speaker’s attention on the forthcoming segment. Frequency counts per syntactic type were realised for any discourse-new referential item introduced as discourse-new items that move the discourse forward (Hopper 1979). Tao, Hongyin and Michael J. McCarthy. It has also been proposed that there may be a continuum of subordination even within one clause type (Tao and McCarthy 2001), and that certain subordinate clause types may not actually be best described as such, especially adverbials and appositive relative clauses (Depraetere 1996, Thompson 2002). A subordinate unit is signalled by downwards changes in key (i.e. This antecedent is redefined in Sc with the creation of a property attributed to “the cells”. R is a concluding evaluation, in this sense less informative. A Basic Introduction. 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