Lam also explored Cuba’s Chinese legacy that — to his surprise — dated back hundreds of years. {{$parent.$parent.validationModel['duplicate']}}, Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New York City, NY, US, 1-{{getCurrentCount()}} out of {{getTotalCount()}}. Comment: This painting is the one to which Alejo Carpentier refers as a key for seeing and understanding what lo real maravilloso (Magical Realism?) Wifredo Lam Cuban Combining human, vegetal, and animal elements, Lam’s large figure features pointed ears, a horse’s snout, fruit-shaped breasts, and pronounced hands. I find it one of the more compelling public markers, austere and sublime. View all 28 artworks Related Artworks. The Jungle, 1943. The men agreed that cubanidad had to break free from its European colonial heritage and the legacy of American domination following the Spanish-American War. He reinterpreted this jungle peopling it with motley figures: “This is the tropical forest sometimes screaming and sometimes haunted by the threatening silence of deserts, in which these faces suddenly appear rendered furious by drops of water… the tension here is singular and constant… sometimes hostile too, because Lam plays with adventure in these sticky forests… where … Subject: abstract, figurative, . For me it is the great conquest of mankind.’ (Wifredo Lam in Max-Pol Fouchet, Wifredo Lam, Barcelona/Paris, 1989, p.79). There are four female figures in a row across the canvas. Valls Díaz, indeed, was the first artist to explore, formally, Afro-Cuba as appropriate subject matter for fine art in Cuba. The dense composition creates a claustrophobic feeling while the … Alfons Viñals immortalized the Gassó workshop in his painting, The workshop of Josep Lluís Ràfols Gassó, 1888. Medium. “Where one is born, one is made,” Picasso told him. MOCO SILVA MIKLOS / Passages de Paris Édition Spéciale (2009) 3-11 4 Résumé : Cet article a l´objectif de faire une brève analyse du tableau “La Jungle”, la plus fameuse oeuvre de Wifredo Lam. Before settling in Paris permanently in 1952, Lam spent the 1940s in Cuba. A figure stands behind a female in the foreground. He was the eighth child born to Lam-Yam―born in Canton around 1820, an immigrant to the Americas in 1860―and to Ana Serafina Catilla―born in 1862 in Cuba of mixed African and Spanish ancestry. Image Dimensions: 7.75" x 8.25". Lam, who had spent three years working with the Surrealists in Paris, aimed for The Jungle to convey the haunting consequences of slavery and colonialism for his native island of Cuba. The Jungle, which is considered Lam’s masterpiece, is exemplary of the artist’s mature style. Wifredo Lam, The Jungle, gouache on paper, 1943, Museum of Modern Art. His body of work reflects his multiculturalism. He threw himself into Cuba, following the advice Picasso and Breton had given him in the 1930s: Find inspiration in your homeland. He was reduced to working in a factory, and he depended on remittances from his relatives abroad. [8] The show was called Dibujos de tipos y costumbres afrocubanos and ran March 5–15, 1030 at the offices of the Asociación de la Prensa de Cuba (Prado 66, altos). Decades later, the harsh mistreatment he received was acknowledged in efforts to rehabilitate his image; he was honored on the centennial of his birth in 2012. He moved to Barcelona for an education. 18–19, 68, 94. … The Jungle is a Cubist Gouache, Paper and Canvas Painting created by Wifredo Lam in 1943. Lam immediately began to vigorously work on paintings that would develop and become his most iconic works such as The Jungle (1944) and Femme cheval (1950), and eventually come to define his mature style. The internationally renowned Cuban painter Wifredo Lam (1902-1982) was a precursor of a cross-cultural style of painting, infusing Western modernism with African and Caribbean symbolism.His peripatetic life brought him into contact with all the avant-garde movements of his times―cubism, surrealism, CoBrA―whose incentives for greater freedom in art, for unleashing … Cuban, 1902–1982 • Follow. Mohamed is deeply shaken when his oldest son Malik returns home after a long journey with a mysterious new wife. ... or The Jungle, a Cubist masterpiece Lam created in 1943. The ancient African faces that peer out of the Cuban jungle in his painting are universal and old. 1983], p. 18, cited in Julia P. Herzberg, “Wifredo Lam: The Development of a Style and World View, the Havana Years, 1941-1952,” in New York 1992-93, p. 50 n. 36). [8] It was a milestone event. Virgilio Piñera’s parents were from Asturias. Upon arriving, however, the men were imprisoned. The Jungle. Picasso also introduced him to Pierre Loeb, an important art dealer who would open doors to Parisian society. Free shipping. Literature. The Jungle, Wilfredo Lam (Cuban), 1943, gouache on paper mounted on canvas (at MOMA) Significant to modern art as well as Latin American art Influenced by Lam's many encounters & experiences (often related to art) in different cultures: Rivera, Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in Alameda Central Park. There he met Manolo Hugué, a Catalan artist. Surrealists aimed to release the unconscious mind—suppressed, they believed, by the rational—in order to achieve another reality. During the interwar period in Paris, Lam befriended the Surrealists, whose influence is evident in The Jungle. The men became easy friends. [3] It’s not surprising that Lam, a mixed-race person, lived his life in racial ambivalence, always trying to understand who he was and his place in the Hispanic world. by Susan Edwards. André Breton declared him a Surrealist — as he had also designated Mexico’s Frida Kahlo. Ahora es cubano.”, https://www.wifredolam.net/en/chronology/1923-1938.html, Why a Romantic Artist Turned Pessimistic and Painted Eerily Disturbing Artworks, Exploring Identity Through Wifredo Lam’s La Jungla (1943). One of our … He was known for his caustic wit, capricious attitude, and snobbishness. There, he pursued a career as a painter, sculptor, cartoonist, and book illustrator. Wifredo Lam s-a născut și a trăit în primii săi ani de viață în Sagua La Grande, un sat din provincia cubaneză Villa Clara, renumită pentru fermele în care este cultivată trestia de zahăr. The polymorphism, for which Lam is well known, juxtaposes aspects of humans, animals, and plants, creating monstrous, hybrid creatures. Aquatint. Title: The Jungle, 1943. After that meeting — and confrontation — many other intellectuals, writers, and artists left. Roman Catholic West African. He depicted figures with crescent-shaped faces, recalling African or Pacific Islander masks, against a background of Cuban sugarcane fields. Her breasts are lactating: Lam, in essence, is the murmur that was born into Cuba’s consciousness. In 1961, for instance, Fidel Castro held a meeting at the National Library. Wilfredo Lam was i nspired by the most renowned artists of the 20th century including Pablo Picasso, Lam melded his influences and created his own creative style. Source: The National Museum of Cuba. Here rhythm is everything. Tengo miedo, tengo mucho miedo, he said. Etching. Y Valls lo ha sabido expresar y plasmar maravillosamente.” Social, Año 12, №12, Dic. She was renowned as a healer who could commune with the orishas, spirits in Santería who offer humans guidance. The following year Piñera’s autobiographical play, Aire Frío, or Cold Air, opened in Havana. The monument, a simple black granite column, bears Gonzalo de Quesada’s famous tribute to Cubans of Chinese ancestry: “There was no Chinese Cuban deserter. The UL continues to collect material by and relating to Wifredo Lam. [5] “Aunque me dedico a explorar las raíces africanas de Cuba en mi arte, soy mulatto, taíno y chino, y por lo tanto mi arte es una expresión de estas herencias, es decir, soy cubano.”. At least the name was familiar. Commanders José Bú and Captain José Tolón are remembered to this day as valiant and capable military leaders who fought valiantly. RMN-GP Photo: Jörg P. Anders© Adagp, Paris 2015 . Le Sombre Malembo, Dieu du carrefour • 1943. ... A work that uses medium other than paint must have what characteristics to be considered a painting? What attribute in Petra Cortright's digital image, 007 goldeneye_all characters cheat, … The dense composition creates a claustrophobic feeling while the forms remain difficult to differentiate. ... What symbols are referenced in Wifredo Lam's The Jungle? In Paris, January 1954, Lam met the young writer and art critic Alain Jouffroy, excluded from the surrealist movement four years prior. The men discussed the idea of cubanidad, or the essence of being Cuban. From the moment Piñera told Castro that he was afraid, everything Piñera did or said was political within the context of the Revolution. One night in 1907, … [21] “Oliváte de afroespañol o afrocubano. O que me llamen ‘cubano’.”, [19] “No hubo un chino cubano desertor. He also admired Henri Matisse’s style. Piñera was a prolific writer, and some of his notes and comments on his conversations with Lam have only recently come to light. But who was Wifredo Lam? The Jungle by Wifredo Lam Giclee Canvas Print Repro. Kassandra Lopez. Wifredo Lam was a Cuban-born artist, best known for his large scale paintings which reference modernist aesthetics and Afro-Cuban imagery to explore themes of social injustice, spirituality and rebirth. At least the name was familiar. Yayoi Kusama, Narcissus Garden. Wifredo Lam Famous works. Lam was an affable man, outgoing and charming. https://www.metmuseum.org › art › collection › search › 492778 Even Fidel Castro’s sister, Juanita, and daughter, Alina, broke with him and went into exile. He left the small town of Sagua la Grande for Havana in 1916, where he initially studied law. is. Yes, his painting explored African themes that informed the Cuban identity, but he sought to honor his beloved mother’s Taína heritage. And furthermore, he studied books on art covering the work of Van Gogh, Gauguin, Cézanne, Matisse and the German Expressionists, particularly Franz Mark.”[11]. Coq caraïbe • 1970. Adam and Eve • 1969. Oil on paper mounted on canvas, Collection of Sergio and Christine Delgado. His effortless rapport helped him sympathize with the working people and peasants — country folk — he encountered in his wanderings through Spain. [17] In another entry, Piñera noted Lam’s ideas about how people saw him: “If they’re going to call me something, ‘Afro-Chinese’ makes more sense, but why not just call me ‘Wifredo’? [7] “Pero es Jaime Valls el primero de nuestros artistas que ha tomado la resolución, que algunos calificarán como heroíca, de consagrarse por completo a hacer obra cubana, escogiendo como motivos y temas, tipos y costumbres afrocubanos.” Social, Año 12, №12, Dic. Wifredo Lam set a new world record for work by a Cuban artist when “Omni Obini” sold for $9,603,800 in June 2020. Who is he? That he distinguished between Lam the artist and Lam the Cuban was due, in large part, to the example Jaime Valls Díaz set. It also recalls the strained family dynamics in a play like Edward Albee’s Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf. Then they came for the pájaros, a Cuban slur meaning “faggots.” The Cuban Revolution was not interested in those who spent their time conjugating irregular verbs. Lam became enamored of Cuba’s African legacy, especially Santería. Wifredo Lam. [4] Other immigrants, such as Jamaican Blacks, were also contracted to work side by side with the Chinese. Image courtesy of the lenders and ©2007 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York/ADAGP, Paris. The play was his family’s story. Available for sale from MLA Gallery, Wifredo Lam, Untitled (1977), Lithograph, 26 × 20 in He stood with the Republicans and decided to fight for a democratic Spain. Read writing about Wifredo Lam in Lotus Fruit. Lithograph. Photo: BKP, Berlin, Dist. Sims, Lowery Stokes. [6] Apeles Mestre was renowned for his illustrations in the satirical Catalan weekly, L’Esquella de la Torratxa. Lam, on the other hand, believed that Castro, who had overthrown Batista, a mixed-race man like himself, would reinstate a white-minority government in a country where Blacks, mulattos, and other minorities were in ascendance. [14] Piñera disagreed. Some relatives, on the other hand, stayed in Cuba. Soon thereafter, his illustrations were published in El Fígaro magazine, and the public schools hired him to illustrate textbooks, bringing his work to Cuban children throughout the island. He also sought to affirm the dignity of Cuba’s determination to fuse distinct histories and peoples into its singular national character. Valls Díaz, as he became Cuban, absorbed the thrilling cultures of the disparate constituencies that comprised the emerging Cuban identity. 1943.” Jaime Valls Díaz was born in Tarragona, Spain, on February 23, 1883. Both men opposed Batista, whom they believed used the police to protect American interests to the detriment of the natural evolution of Cuban culture, political independence, and economic prosperity. There was no traitorous Cuban Chinese.”[19] De Quesada, along with José Martí, was one of the architects of Cuban independence. [2] A mulatto is a person with European and African heritage; a mestizo is a person of European and indigenous heritage; and a pardo is a person who has European, African, and indigenous heritage. He understood Castro’s inspiration: Benito Mussolini. Global Strategic Communications graduate student at the University of Florida. It was dedicated on October 10, 1931, to honor the Chinese who fought for Cuban independence from Spain. The Jungle, which is considered Lam's masterpiece, is exemplary of the artist's mature style. He suffered a fatal heart attack on October 18, 1979. “Wifredo Lam” is on view at Centre Pompidou, Paris from September 30, 2015 – February 15, 2016 Follow artnet News on Facebook: Want to stay ahead of the art world? [3] The Taíno people were the original inhabitants of the Caribbean islands; most succumbed to European diseases after the Spanish arrived in 1492. ... More From Medium. Lam’s own work reflected the modernist Spanish tradition — as had Valls Díaz’s initially — but he began to incorporate distinct Cuban sensibilities into his Cubist paintings. On June 29, 2020, at Sotheby’s auction “The Vanguard Spirit: Modern and Surrealist Masterworks from an Important Estate,” Wifredo Lam’s Omni Obini sold for $9,603,800. He recoiled at any description — such as “Afro-Cuban” — that erased his father’s heritage or ignored his mother’s Taíno roots. Wifredo Lam was born in Sagua la Grande, Cuba, on December 8, 1902. Wifredo Lam, The Jungle, gouache on paper, 1943, Museum of Modern Art. Willem de Kooning, Woman, I. Mies van der Rohe, Seagram Building. He kept writing at a frantic pace, however, and slipped into obscurity nonetheless. Wifredo Lam and the International Avant-Garde, 1923–1982. The Jungle • 1943. Though Wilfredo was predominantly a painter, he also worked with sculpture, ceramics and printmaking in his later life. La Fiancée de Kiriwina • 1949. Painted … He studied under the master Fernando Álvarez de Sotomayor y Zaragoza, whose pupils included Salvador Dalí. Lam managed to convince the authorities to let him return to Cuba. Wifredo Lam: Modernity’s Trojan Horse. La Jungla (The Jungle 1943), Wifredo Lam Surrealist painter, Wifredo Lam, was born in Sagua la Grande, Cuba, of a Chinese father and a mother of mixed African, Indian and European origin. Lam painted The Jungle, his masterpiece, two years after returning to his native Cuba from Europe, where he had been a member of the Surrealist movement. The Jungle, above, is the most famous example of his work and displays the merging of European painting tradition in its Cubist perspective yet the masked … Free shipping on many items | Browse your favorite brands | affordable prices. He then was an art student from 1918 until 1923 at Escuela de Bellas Artes. Lam’s ethnic and cultural heritage included the African diaspora in Cuba, and when he returned to the island in the 1940s, he became reengaged with the concerns of its Afro-Cuban community. He studied law in Havana before becoming an artist. The show, titled “Drawings of Afro-Cuban Types and Customs,” was held at the Cuban Press Association building in March 1930. Helen Frankenthaler, The Bay. The meeting ended abruptly: Castro placed his gun on the table, saying, “Dentro de la Revolution, todo; contra la Revolución, nada.” “Within the Revolution, everything; against the Revolution, nothing.”, The room fell silent. Wifredo Lam (1902-1982) Untitled signed, dated and inscribed 'Wifredo Lam 1942 La Habana' (recto; lower centre) gouache on paper 42 7/8 x 29 3/8 in. Lam’s distinctive style and exploration of Afro-Cuban visual culture, alongside his knowle… [15] Lam didn’t understand why Piñera didn’t see the ominous turn in the Revolution’s emerging intolerance. [11] See: https://www.wifredolam.net/en/chronology/1923-1938.html. Artist. Cuba was the exception; the Chinese were brought to work there in the sugarcane fields as “contracted colonists” after 1847. see all. [1] Diego Rivera holds the record for the work by a Latin American artist. In art, the juxtaposition of irrational images reveal a “super-reality,” or “sur-reality.” In Lam’s work, an other-worldly atmosphere emerges from the constant shifting taking place among the figures; they are at once human, animal, organic, and … This is exemplified by his large 1943 painting The jungle, held at New York’s Museum of Modern Art and widely considered to be his masterpiece. He studied studied at the Academy of San Alejandro in Havana 1920-3, then went in … Then, reality shattered his delusions: he was not within the Revolution. [13] “Criollo” was a term for individuals born in Spanish America of parents who had emigrated from Spain. Giclee & Iris. He was assigned to assemble antitank bombs. Piñera, in contrast, was convinced of Cuba’s auspicious future. https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/wifredo-lam-the-jungle-1943 Portable . [17] “Que piensen que son caña, pero son bambú — y si fueran caña, entonces son las cañas que los chinos cortaron bajo el sol de Cuba que castiga.”, [18] “Si me van a llamar algo, ‘afrochino’ tiene mas sentido, pero ¿por qué no, ‘Wifredo’ solamente? Name Instructor Course Date Analysis on Wifredo Lam's jungle Paper Outline Title: Wifredo Lam’s Jungle Thesis: Wifredo’s works are inspired by and in contact with some of the most renowned artists of the 20th century; Lam melded his influences and created a unique style, which was ultimately characterized by the prominence of hybrid figures… This painting is in the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) in New York City. Although Spain helped him find his place in the world as a Hispanic man, the country was slipping into crisis. Posted on January 19, 2010 by Linnea. Aquí el ritmo lo es todo. He visited with Lam, his friend. “But Jaime Valls [Díaz] is the first of our [Cuban] artists who has made the resolution, which some will describe as heroic, to dedicate himself completely to making Cuban work, [and] choosing Afro-Cuban types and customs as motifs and themes.”[7]. No hubo un chino cubano traidor.”. Sims, Lowery S. “Syncretism and Syntax in the Art of Wifredo Lam.” In Readings in Latin American Modern Art, edited by Patrick Frank, 93–97. What symbols are referenced in Wifredo Lam's The Jungle? The play is evocative of Chekhov’s plays, where characters languish in the malaise of lives of desperation. He left the small town of Sagua la Grande for Havana in 1916, where he initially studied law. “But this Revolution hated everyone equally.”[16] He hailed his friend as a tragic hero whose wings melted before the intense heat of Castro’s sun. Especially: print-multiple, drawing … Sus caderas, sus pechos, como tales, no le interesan al artista; sólo tienen valor para él en cuanto cimbrean también como partes del cuerpo, agitado, todo convulso, lúbrico, por la música afrocubana. Responding therefore to a poetic aesthetic of ‘hybridization’, his canvases are the medium through which multiple aesthetic, intellectual and visual elements are brought together. Together these elements obliquely address the history of slavery in colonial Cuba. His widely acknowledged masterpiece, “The Jungle… That he was able to travel to Europe and hobnob with the Continent’s intellectuals increased his stature back on the island. How are easel paintings different from frescoes or murals? Wifredo Lam was born on December 8, 1902, in Cuba. Yes, he was Afro-Cuban, he said, but he was also Chinese. Havana: Letras Cubanas, 1978, fig. 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