[16][17][18] A supply chain attack on SolarWinds's Orion software, widely used in government and industry, provided another avenue, if the victim used that software. [65][111], The security community shifted its attention to Orion. [137] He added that the amount of data taken was likely to be many times greater than during Moonlight Maze, and if printed would form a stack far taller than the Washington Monument. [5], Simply downloading a compromised version of Orion was not necessarily sufficient to result in a data breach; further investigation was required in each case to establish whether a breach resulted. This system, although unclassified, is highly sensitive because of the Treasury Department's role in making decisions that move the market, as well as decisions on economic sanctions and interactions with the Federal Reserve. [77][1] Because Orion was connected to customers' Office 365 accounts as a trusted 3rd-party application, the attackers were able to access emails and other confidential documents. [108][109], After discovering that attack, FireEye reported it to the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA), a federal agency responsible for helping to defend the U.S. from cyberattacks. [78][62][67][68], The attackers established a foothold in SolarWinds's software publishing infrastructure no later than September 2019. [23][24], Additionally, a flaw in Microsoft's Outlook Web App may have allowed attackers to bypass multi-factor authentication. [247] Law professor Jack Goldsmith wrote that the hack was a damaging act of cyber-espionage but "does not violate international law or norms" and wrote that "because of its own practices, the U.S. government has traditionally accepted the legitimacy of foreign governmental electronic spying in U.S. government networks. [76] The attackers accessed the build system belonging to the software company SolarWinds, possibly via SolarWinds's Microsoft Office 365 account, which had also been compromised at some point. [97] The House Committee on Homeland Security and House Committee on Oversight and Reform announced an investigation. [16][17][18], Alongside this, "Zerologon", a vulnerability in the Microsoft authentication protocol NetLogon, allowed attackers to access all valid usernames and passwords in each Microsoft network that they breached. It is often tempting to infer an attacker’s intent from their chosen targets, and in this case, such conclusions are warranted. [170][177] It stopped accepting highly sensitive court documents to the CM/ECF, requiring those instead to be accepted only in paper form or on airgapped devices. [43] Marco Rubio, acting chair of the Senate Intelligence Committee, said the U.S. must retaliate, but only once the perpetrator is certain. With shared cloud resources and managed services, serious security breaches can have ripple effects across different and disparate systems and organizations. [47][48] U.S. [8][9] Russian-sponsored hackers were suspected to be responsible. [1][4][134], Compromised versions were known to have been downloaded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Justice Department, and some utility companies. [128], On December 8, 2020, before other organizations were known to have been breached, FireEye published countermeasures against the red team tools that had been stolen from FireEye. Microsoft says it identified 40+ victims of the SolarWinds hack. [141] Anti-malware companies additionally advised searching log files for specific indicators of compromise. More on the SolarWinds Breach. [20][112], SolarWinds said it believed the malware insertion into Orion was performed by a foreign nation. [211][212] Soon after, SolarWinds hired a new cybersecurity firm co-founded by Krebs. [92][89], The attackers appear to have utilized only a small fraction of the successful malware deployments: ones located within computer networks belonging to high-value targets. [130], On December 23, 2020, the UK Information Commissioner's Office - a national privacy authority - told UK organizations to check immediately whether they were impacted. [46][129] Senatory Wyden said that the briefing showed that the Treasury "still does not know all of the actions taken by hackers, or precisely what information was stolen". [8] On December 13, 2020, CISA issued an emergency directive asking federal agencies to disable the SolarWinds software, to reduce the risk of additional intrusions, even though doing so would reduce those agencies' ability to monitor their computer networks. [80][81] The first known modification, in October 2019, was merely a proof of concept. FireEye discovered a supply chain attack trojanizing SolarWinds Orion business software updates in order to distribute malware we call SUNBURST. [89][4][100], Vulnerabilities in VMware Access and VMware Identity Manager, allowing existing network intruders to pivot and gain persistence, were utilized in 2020 by Russian state-sponsored attackers. [100][101][13] The attacker exploited a vulnerability in the organization's Microsoft Exchange Control Panel, and used a novel method to bypass multi-factor authentication. "Microsoft president calls SolarWinds hack an "act of recklessness " ". [254] He pointed out that an escalatory response to espionage would be counterproductive for U.S. interests, whereas finally strengthening the defenses and drawing clear red lines in the gray areas of cyber-conflict policy would be more fruitful strategies.[255]. [9][39][55] This attack apparently used counterfeit identity tokens of some kind, allowing the attackers to trick Microsoft's authentication systems. [240] Most current and former U.S. officials considered the 2020 Russian hack to be a "stunning and distressing feat of espionage" but not a cyberattack because the Russians did not appear to destroy or manipulate data or cause physical damage (for example, to the electrical grid). [79][112][82], Subsequent analysis of the SolarWinds compromise using DNS data and reverse engineering of Orion binaries, by DomainTools and ReversingLabs respectively, revealed additional details about the attacker's timeline. Think Tank", "Microsoft alerts CrowdStrike of hackers' attempted break-in", "Russian State-Sponsored Advanced Persistent Threat Actor Compromises U.S. Government Targets", "Hackers backed by foreign government reportedly steal info from US Treasury", "FireEye, a Top Cybersecurity Firm, Says It Was Hacked by a Nation-State", "US cybersecurity firm FireEye says it was hacked by foreign government", "Russia's FireEye Hack Is a Statement—but Not a Catastrophe", "Suspected Russia SolarWinds hack exposed after FireEye cybersecurity firm found "backdoor, "Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor", "What you need to know about the biggest hack of the US government in years", "New Sunspot malware found while investigating SolarWinds hack", "NSA says Russian state hackers are using a VMware flaw to ransack networks", "Russian-sponsored hackers behind broad security breach of U.S. agencies: sources", "50 orgs 'genuinely impacted' by SolarWinds hack, FireEye chief says", "SolarWinds malware has "curious" ties to Russian-speaking hackers", "Kaspersky Lab autopsies evidence on SolarWinds hack", "SolarWinds Hackers Shared Tricks With Known Russian Cyberspies", "Global cyber-espionage campaign linked to Russian spying tools", "Trump downplays government hack after Pompeo blames it on Russia", "Pompeo: Russia 'pretty clearly' behind massive cyberattack", "Trump downplays massive US cyberattack, points to China", "Trump downplays impact of hack, questions whether Russia involved", "US cyber-attack: Around 50 firms 'genuinely impacted' by massive breach", "Trump finds himself isolated in refusal to blame Russia for big cyberattack", "Barr contradicts Trump by saying it 'certainly appears' Russia behind cyberattack", "Attorney General Barr breaks with Trump, says SolarWinds hack 'certainly appears to be the Russians, "Treasury Department's Senior Leaders Were Targeted by Hacking", "U.S. Agencies and Companies Secure Networks After Huge Hack", "US: Hack of Federal Agencies 'Likely Russian in Origin, "Bucking Trump, NSA and FBI say Russia was "likely" behind SolarWinds hack", "Russians are 'likely' perpetrators of US government hack, official report says", "Report: Massive Russian Hack Effort Breached DHS, State Department And NIH", "SEC filings: SolarWinds says 18,000 customers were impacted by recent hack", "These big firms and US agencies all use software from the company breached in a massive hack being blamed on Russia", "SolarWinds: The Hunt to Figure Out Who Was Breached", "Hack may have exposed deep US secrets; damage yet unknown", "US agencies, companies secure networks after huge hack", "Deep US institutional secrets may have been exposed in hack blamed on Russia", "How Russian hackers infiltrated the US government for months without being spotted", "SolarWinds advanced cyberattack: What happened and what to do now", "Overview of Recent Sunburst Targeted Attacks", "Hackers' Monthslong Head Start Hamstrings Probe of U.S. [51][52] When the breach was discovered, the U.S. also lacked a Senate-confirmed Director of CISA, the nation's top cybersecurity official, responsible for coordinating incident response. [249] He pointed out that an escalatory response to espionage would be counterproductive for U.S. interests, whereas finally strengthening the defenses and drawing clear red lines in the gray areas of cyber-conflict policy would be more fruitful strategies. [8][38][54] This attack apparently used counterfeit identity tokens of some kind, allowing the attackers to trick Microsoft's authentication systems. National Telecommunications and Information Administration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, Administrative Office of the United States Courts, discover which SolarWinds customers were infected, North American Electric Reliability Corporation, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, long-running campaign by Trump to falsely assert that he won the 2020 election, United Kingdom National Cyber Security Centre, Paris Call for Trust and Security in Cyberspace, Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present), Office of Personnel Management data breach, "Scope of Russian Hack Becomes Clear: Multiple U.S. [129], On December 23, 2020, the UK Information Commissioner's Office - a national privacy authority - told UK organizations to check immediately whether they were impacted. [9][10] The attackers exploited software or credentials from at least three U.S. firms: Microsoft, SolarWinds, and VMware. "[126], On December 21, 2020, Attorney General William Barr said that he agreed with Pompeo's assessment of the origin of the cyberhack and that it "certainly appears to be the Russians," contradicting Trump. ", "SolarWinds falls under scrutiny after hack, stock sales", "More Hacking Attacks Found as Officials Warn of 'Grave Risk' to U.S. Government", "How the SolarWinds Hackers Bypassed Duo's Multi-Factor Authentication – Schneier on Security", "US treasury hacked by foreign government group – report", "Foreign government hacked into US Treasury Department's emails – reports", "No One Knows How Deep Russia's Hacking Rampage Goes", "~18,000 organizations downloaded backdoor planted by Cozy Bear hackers", "Third malware strain discovered in SolarWinds supply chain attack", "SolarWinds Discloses Earlier Evidence of Hack", "Trump administration says Russia behind SolarWinds hack. $286m in stock sales just before hack announced? They also stated that because deterrence may not effectively discourage cyber-espionage attempts by threat actors, the U.S. should also focus on making cyber-espionage less successful through methods such as enhanced cyber-defenses, better information-sharing, and "defending forward" (reducing Russian and Chinese offensive cyber-capabilities). The SolarWinds hack strikes at the heart of the U.S. and its administration. [22][103] Using VirusTotal, The Intercept discovered continued indicators of compromise in December 2020, suggesting that the attacker might still be active in the network of the city government of Austin, Texas. Cybersecurity company Malwarebytes said on Tuesday that some of its emails were breached by the same hackers who used the software company SolarWinds to hack into a series of US government agencies. [58][59][60] Numerous federal cybersecurity recommendations made by the Government Accountability Office and others had not been implemented. [81], On December 12, 2020, a National Security Council (NSC) meeting was held at the White House to discuss the breach of federal organizations. the attacker used Microsoft vulnerabilities (initially) and SolarWinds supply chain attacks (later on) to achieve their goals. [94] This access apparently helped them to hunt for certificates that would let them sign SAML tokens, allowing them to masquerade as legitimate users to additional on-premises services and to cloud services like Microsoft Azure Active Directory. [13], Also in 2020, Microsoft detected attackers using Microsoft Azure infrastructure in an attempt to access emails belonging to CrowdStrike. [8], In March 2020, the attackers began to plant remote access tool malware into Orion updates, thereby trojaning them. This is classic espionage. Russia was first named in the Washington Post and the New York Times on December 13, on the same day that FireEye and SolarWinds announced the alleged hack. [22][23] This was reported to CISA, who issued an alert on October 22, 2020, specifically warning state, local, territorial and tribal governments to search for indicators of compromise, and instructing them to rebuild their networks from scratch if compromised. [27][108] FireEye says that it discovered the SolarWinds supply chain attack in the course of investigating FireEye's own breach and tool theft. [171][178] It stopped accepting highly sensitive court documents to the CM/ECF, requiring those instead to be accepted only in paper form or on airgapped devices. totalZero 5 days ago. [52][53] When the breach was discovered, the U.S. also lacked a Senate-confirmed Director of CISA, the nation's top cybersecurity official, responsible for coordinating incident response. (Redirected from SolarWinds hack) The 2020 United States federal government data breach occurred in 2020, when a group backed by a foreign government, probably Cozy Bear backed by the Russian state agency SVR, performed a cyberattack on multiple parts of the federal government of the United States, resulting in a data breach. But No Sign Of Russian Spies", "La. It's hard to overstate how bad it is | Bruce Schneier", "Opinion | With Hacking, the United States Needs to Stop Playing the Victim", "The Government Has Known About the Vulnerabilities That Allowed Russia's Latest Hack for Decades—and Chose Not to Fix Them", "Should the U.S. [245] Most current and former U.S. officials considered the 2020 Russian hack to be a "stunning and distressing feat of espionage" but not a cyberattack because the Russians did not appear to destroy or manipulate data or cause physical damage (for example, to the electrical grid). [75][25] Further investigation proved these concerns to be well-founded. [13][101] On December 23, 2020, the CEO of FireEye said Russia was the most likely culprit and the attacks were "very consistent" with the SVR. 2 Senate Democrat decries alleged Russian hack as 'virtual invasion, "Trump downplays Russia in first comments on hacking campaign", "Trump downplays massive cyber hack on government after Pompeo links attack to Russia", "Trump Has Been Whining About Fake Fraud—and Ignoring a Real Cybersecurity Crisis", "White House Eliminates Cybersecurity Coordinator Role (Published 2018)", "Trump's chaos made America a sitting duck for cyberattacks", "Russian government hackers behind breach at US treasury and commerce departments", "Trump fires top DHS official who refuted his claims that the election was rigged", "Hackers backed by foreign government breach Treasury, Commerce departments: reports", "Forensic News Roundup: Russia hacks U.S. government, Trump silent", "Senior DHS cybersecurity official to step down at end of week", "SolarWinds Hack Followed Years of Warnings of Weak Cybersecurity", "The SolarWinds Perfect Storm: Default Password, Access Sales and More", "Hackers used SolarWinds' dominance against it in sprawling spy campaign", "SolarWinds Adviser Warned of Lax Security Years Before Hack", "SolarWinds Hack Could Affect 18K Customers", "SolarWinds FTP credentials were leaking on GitHub in November 2019", "SolarWinds: Hey, only as many as 18,000 customers installed backdoored software linked to US govt hacks", "We're not saying this is how SolarWinds was backdoored, but its FTP password 'leaked on GitHub in plaintext, "SolarWinds hack has shaved 23% from software company's stock this week", "SolarWinds' shares drop 22 per cent. [22], On December 18, U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said Russia was "pretty clearly" responsible for the cyber attack. [42] Marco Rubio, acting chair of the Senate Intelligence Committee, said the U.S. must retaliate, but only once the perpetrator is certain. [1] On December 22, 2020, the North American Electric Reliability Corporation asked electricity companies to report their level of exposure to Solarwinds software. [233][234], In January 2021, Biden named appointees for two relevant White House positions: Elizabeth Sherwood-Randal as homeland security adviser, and Anne Neuberger as deputy national security adviser for cyber and emerging technology. "[231], Former Homeland Security Advisor Thomas P. Bossert said, "President Trump is on the verge of leaving behind a federal government, and perhaps a large number of major industries, compromised by the Russian government," and noted that congressional action, including via the National Defense Authorization Act would be required to mitigate the damage caused by the attacks. [1][28][29] The hacking group Cozy Bear (APT29), backed by the Russian intelligence agency SVR, was identified as the likely culprit. [78][111][81], Subsequent analysis of the SolarWinds compromise using DNS data and reverse engineering of Orion binaries, by DomainTools and ReversingLabs respectively, revealed additional details about the attacker's timeline. [4][35] FireEye said that additional government, consulting, technology, telecom and extractive entities in North America, Europe, Asia and the Middle East may also have been affected. [225] The committee's vice-chairman, Mark Warner, criticized President Trump for failing to acknowledge or react to the hack. [8][26][215] The NSC activated Presidential Policy Directive 41, an Obama-era emergency plan, and convened its Cyber Response Group. [238][239], In January 2021, Biden named appointees for two relevant White House positions: Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall as homeland security adviser, and Anne Neuberger as deputy national security adviser for cyber and emerging technology. [229] On December 19, Trump publicly addressed the attacks for the first time; he downplayed the hack, contended that the media had overblown the severity of the incident, said that "everything is well under control"; and proposed, without evidence, that China, rather than Russia, might be responsible for the attack. [46] Harvard's Bruce Schneier, and NYU's Pano Yannakogeorgos, founding dean of the Air Force Cyber College, said that affected networks may need to be replaced completely. [71][144] Former Homeland Security Advisor Thomas P. Bossert warned that it could take years to evict the attackers from US networks, leaving them able to continue to monitor, destroy or tamper with data in the meantime. [86][11] Once inside the target networks, the attackers pivoted, installing exploitation tools such as Cobalt strike components,[93][90] and seeking additional access. That Complicates US Strategy", "Russia's SolarWinds Operation and International Law", "Microsoft president calls SolarWinds hack an 'act of recklessness, "US cyber-attack: US energy department confirms it was hit by Sunburst hack", "The US has suffered a massive cyberbreach. From top, clockwise: List of confirmed connected data breaches, Investigations and response by security agencies, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, Administrative Office of the United States Courts, discover which SolarWinds customers were infected, North American Electric Reliability Corporation, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, long-running campaign by Trump to falsely assert that he won the 2020 election, United Kingdom National Cyber Security Centre, Paris Call for Trust and Security in Cyberspace, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, 2021 insurrection at the United States Capitol, 2021 Terrorism Incidents in the United States, 2020–21 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens men's basketball team, 2020 Kansas House of Representatives election, United States, United Kingdom, Spain, Israel, United Arab Emirates, Canada, Mexico, others, Court documents, including sealed case files, Before October 2019 (start of supply chain compromise), March 2020 (possible federal breach start date). If you do that long enough, you can get quite good at it; there have been mornings when I hit the “snooze” button 15 or more times in a row, pushing back my wake-up time by as much as 2 hours. [1][4], As of mid-December 2020, U.S. officials were still investigating what was stolen in the cases where breaches had occurred, and trying to determine how it could be used. [79][80] In the build system, the attackers surreptitiously modified software updates provided by SolarWinds to users of its network monitoring software Orion. UBS analyst Karl Keirstead, who has a buy rating and a $243 price target, said while Microsoft MSFT, +0.44% products were leveraged by hackers in the attack […] Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) described the attack as tantamount to a declaration of war. SolarWinds Orion hack: Why cybersecurity experts are worried The US government is reeling from multiple data breaches at top federal agencies, the result of … In many cases attack targets are simply “targets of opportunity,” that presented themselves. The article title will have to change as more info is released.--vityok 10:47, 18 December 2020 (UTC) It is increasingly looking like 2020 international data breach will be the right title. [68][70], Multiple attack vectors were used in the course of breaching the various victims of the incident.[71][72]. [102], Separately, in or shortly before October 2020, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center reported that an apparently state-sponsored attacker had been observed exploiting zerologon, a vulnerability in Microsoft's NetLogon protocol. [1][5][135], Compromised versions were known to have been downloaded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Justice Department, and some utility companies. [62][20] The tool that the attackers used to insert SUNBURST into Orion updates was later isolated by cybersecurity firm CrowdStrike, who called it SUNSPOT. [140] Anti-malware companies additionally advised searching log files for specific indicators of compromise. [62][61] SolarWinds had been advising customers to disable antivirus tools before installing SolarWinds software. U.S. and private sector investigators have spent the holidays combing through logs to try to understand whether their data has been stolen or modified. [53][39][40] The incumbent, Chris Krebs, had been fired by Trump on November 18, 2020. [115], In January 2021, cybersecurity firm Kaspersky said SUNBURST resembles the malware Kazuar, which is believed to have been created by Turla,[116][111][117][118] a group known from 2008 that Estonian intelligence previously linked to the Russian federal security service, FSB. [4][96][97] Having accessed data of interest, they encrypted and exfiltrated it. [1] Other prominent U.S. organisations known to use SolarWinds products, though not necessarily Orion, were the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Boeing, and most Fortune 500 companies. [69][70] That same day, two private equity firms with ties to SolarWinds's board sold substantial amounts of stock in SolarWinds. [109][110], After discovering that attack, FireEye reported it to the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA), a federal agency responsible for helping to defend the U.S. from cyberattacks. [247], In the New York Times, Paul Kolbe, former CIA agent and director of the Intelligence Project at Harvard's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, echoed Schneier's call for improvements in the U.S.'s cyberdefenses and international agreements. Here, too, the attackers used a supply chain attack. "[52] Esquire commentator Charles P. Pierce criticized the Trump administration for being "asleep at the switch" and termed Trump a "crooked, incompetent agent of chaos. The malware, affecting a product made by U.S. company SolarWinds, gave elite hackers remote access into an organization's networks so they could steal information. [19][20] Microsoft called it Solorigate. [104][105][106] FireEye was believed to be a target of the SVR, Russia's Foreign Intelligence Service. [159][76][160] The FBI, CISA, and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) formed a Cyber Unified Coordination Group (UCG) to coordinate their efforts. [5][97][98] Having accessed data of interest, they encrypted and exfiltrated it. But what's this? [214], On December 14, 2020, the Department of Commerce confirmed that it had asked the CISA and the FBI to investigate. Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) described the attack as tantamount to a declaration of war. The Russians outsmarted it", "Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations", "Hacking Spree by Suspected Russians Included U.S. [23][24] This was reported to CISA, who issued an alert on October 22, 2020, specifically warning state, local, territorial and tribal governments to search for indicators of compromise, and instructing them to rebuild their networks from scratch if compromised. But this is a stealthy operation. [23], On December 18, U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said Russia was "pretty clearly" responsible for the cyber attack. [213], On December 18, 2020, U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said that some details of the event would likely be classified so as not to become public. ", "Russia's Hack Wasn't Cyberwar. The company was co-founded by Donald Yonce (a former executive at Walmart ) and his brother David Yonce. [7], Some time before December 3, 2020, the NSA discovered and notified VMware of vulnerabilities in VMware Access and VMware Identity Manager. The SolarWinds Hack is Neither Accidental Nor Intended to Create Immediate Political Effects. [73][3] Biden's incoming chief of staff, Ron Klain, said the Biden administration's response to the hack would extend beyond sanctions. The WEF’s proclaimed Cyberpandemic has begun: defense, power, water, finance, and our supply chain are all vulnerable to massive disruptions after FireEye & SolarWind have unleashed weapons of mass digital destruction AND unlocked the back doors of governments, militaries, and nearly the entire Fortune 500. [11][43][82][83][84] These users included U.S. government customers in the executive branch, the military, and the intelligence services (see Impact section, below). They also stated that because deterrence may not effectively discourage cyber-espionage attempts by threat actors, the U.S. should also focus on making cyber-espionage less successful through methods such as enhanced cyber-defenses, better information-sharing, and "defending forward" (reducing Russian and Chinese offensive cyber-capabilities). [48] The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) advised that affected devices be rebuilt from trusted sources, and that all credentials exposed to SolarWinds software should be considered compromised and should therefore be reset. [20][21], During 2019 and 2020, cybersecurity firm Volexity discovered an attacker making suspicious usage of Microsoft products within the network of a think tank whose identity has not publicly been revealed. [93][90], The attackers appear to have utilized only a small fraction of the successful malware deployments: ones located within computer networks belonging to high-value targets. 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